1. What are the categories of precipitating events to a crisis?
2. What are techniques that can be useful in the first stage of crisis intervention interviewing?
3. What are the components of the smooth focus phrases technique?
4. What are theimportant components of the ending phase of the crisis interview?
5. Why is it sometimes necessary to be more directive in telephone crisis counseling?
6. What can be positive aspects of group crisis counseling?
7. What are factors influencing client equilibrium during crisis resolution?
8. What are sociocultural factors that affect therapeutic intervention during a crisis?
9. What are the steps in the Small Control technique?
10. What are the steps in the Overnight Care technique for the partner of a client in rape crisis?
11. What were techniques recommended for Carla as immediate reinforcements for her array of coping strategies?
12. What are the losses of divorce?
13. If a client present during a transitional period, what is it important to assess?
14. What are stages of a burnout crisis?

A. the 1-2-3 technique, success leads to success, the focusing technique, the time factor, and the ending phase in subsequent sessions.
B. 1.  object loss, the threat of object loss, or the loss of the opportunity to restore objects; 2. loss of previous sources of help; 3. a client becomes so identified with another that the inability to distinguish between his or her own state and the other’s produces a crisis; 4. a surge of "unmanageable impulses," 5. a threat to current adjustment
C. what part of the precipitating factors are related to the client’s maturational stage, and what is the result of his or her stressful event in the client’s current social orbit.
D. differing cultural values, class stratification systems, lower socioeconomic groups, and barriers to therapy.
E. stagnation, frustration, apathy, and hopelessness.
F. invulnerability, an orderly world, and self esteem.
G. perception of the event, situational supports, and coping mechanisms.
H. Impose order in your life where you can, look after your appearance, and take note of the good moments.
I. The open invitation to talk technique, and the one question technique.
J.  Focus on specific problem areas, testing coping strategies in role play and engaging in reality testing.
K. 1. If your partner agrees, spend the night at her or his apartment; 2. if your partner gives permission, hold, touch, and reaffirm your love for her or him; 3. Speak with your partner about your future as a couple, and any plans you have, so she or he knows your intentions are still the same; 4. Do not attempt to initiate sexual intercourse unless your partner specifically asks.
L. 1. Earlier you said… 2. Earlier you talked about… 3. Tell me about that; 4. What do you do when…? 5. Can you summarize? 6. Silence
M.  Relaxation breathing, passive progressive relaxation, and the Carbonated Thoughts visualization technique.
N. call should focus upon rapid resolution of the crisis situation, and that it is not necessarily productive to discuss chronic situations

Questions:

15. According to Aguilera, what are crucial factors in resolving a crisis with a client with chronic psychiatric concerns?
16. How did Jim’s therapist adhere to the crisis model when addressing his crisis state?
17. According to Getz, what are important considerations when assessing the lethality of a client’s previous suicide attempt?
18. When during the crisis interview are the important factors in the client’s current crisis state likely to emerge?
19. Using the Deductive Model, what was Shirley’s therapist able to identify as her four primary coping mechanisms?
20. What techniques used by Shirely’s therapist did Getz highlight as keys to the successful use of the deductive model in crisis interviewing?
21. What are suggested techniques for addressing panic during crisis intervention?
22. According to Dykeman, what are influences a client’s cultural background may have on crisis intervention and recovery?
23. What are the elements of the BCRI Model for providing effective community-based crisis intervention for poor, urban African Americans?
24. What are fundamental characteristics of a client’s crisis state?
25. What are the steps in the Professionals in Crisis program?
26. According to Yule, what is the optimal time after a traumatic event to begin crisis intervention and counseling for children?

Answers:

A. 1. Psychic disequilibrium with chaos and confusion; 2. Regression with intensification of strong transference wishes; 3. The inclination to examine the trajectory of one's life as it relates to self-perception, to past accomplishments, and to future hopes and aspirations.
B. 1. The setting in which the attempt occurs (e.g., is there likelihood of immediate discovery?) and 2. whether an attempt is made to communicate to others.
C.  1. Identify physiological responses to questions; 2. use a more structured technique if the client begins making loose associations or discussing unrelated issues; 3. discourage the client from rambling without a specific purpose; 4. use a mix of open and closed ended questions to request information and provide structure; 5. Assess the client’s response to bridging
D. 1.  Identification of the precipitating event, 2. the symptoms the patient is exhibiting, 3. their perception of the event, 4. their available situational supports, and 5. their usual coping mechanisms.
E. 1. enhancing mentalizing; 2. strengthening impulse control and enhancing self-regulation; 3. promoting awareness of others' mental states; and 4. using attachments to move toward integration
F. the first ten to twenty minutes of the interview.
G. 1. was not an immediate danger to self or others; 2. previous counseling; 3. family support from an aunt; 4. friends through Bible study.
H. a 24-hour confidential hotline, a mobile treatment team, and a 12-bed crisis residential unit.
I. 1. Symptom induction and de-escalation; 2. paradoxical intention; 3. Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
J. by focusing the therapy sessions on the patient’s immediate problems, not on his chronic psychopathology.
K.  5 to 10 days post-incident.
L. 1. how a provocation is interpreted and the meaning attributed to that provocation; 2.  how individuals and communities express reactions to crisis provoking events; 3. the responses of others to the provoking events; 4. comfort the victim and aid the recovery process;  5. may help define the pathways to healthy adjustment; and 6. aid survivors in regaining an orientation and making life predictable.